BiblicalTheological Seminary
NT715/815Gospel of Luke
Dr.Robert C. Newman
INTRODUCTION TO LUKE
A.AUTHORSHIP OF THE GOSPEL
Luke is accepted as author by conservatives and many liberals.
1. Internal Evidence
Information(more or less) from within book
a. Like all canonicalGospels, text proper is anonymous, but title (found in earliest known mss)agrees with tradition (i.e., external evidence, below) in assigning Gospel toLuke.
b. Prologue to Acts linksthis Gospel to Acts; latter has "we" passages indicating author ofActs a travel companion of Paul; with some reasonable assumptions (see intro toActs in my Acts & Pauline Epistles syllabus), this is either Luke or JesusJustus.
c. Vocabulary of thisGospel and Acts abounds in medical terminology (see W.K. Hobart, MedicalLanguage of St Luke)
2. External Evidence
Informationfrom outside book
a.Muratorian Canon ‑ late 2nd cen, Italy
explicitly assigns 3rd Gospel to Luke, the physician, a travellingcompanion of Paul
b.Irenaeus ‑ late 2nd cen, France (raised in Asia Minor)
Luke, follower of Paul, writes Gosp preached by Paul
c.Clement ‑ c 200, Alexandria
Gospels containing genealogies written first
d.Tertullian ‑ c 200, No. Africa (Carthage)
associates Luke's Gospel with Paul
e.Origin ‑ c225, Alexandria, Caesarea
3rd Gospel is acc to Luke, connected w/ Paul, written for Gentiles
3. Summary on Authorship
a.External evidence is unanimous for Luke.
b.All titles on mansucripts give Luke.
c.Not likely Luke is invented author, since many early Xns more prominent.
d.No reason to deny evidence.
B.DATE OF GOSPEL
Considerable divergenceon date, from late 50s (some conservatives) to 80 or well beyond (manyliberals).
1. Internal Evidence
a. Linkage with Actsindicates Gospel written before Acts (so will try to pin down date of Actsbelow).
b. Liberals (denyingreal prophecy) feel some passages (esp Lk 21:20) too strongly reflect events ofJewish War (66‑73) to have been written in advance, so date Luke afterthis (usually 80 or later).
2. External Evidence
a.The Date of Acts
(1) Pauline chronology has Acts narrative end c 63 (2 yr after Paulreaches Rome), so Acts not written before 63.
(2) Acts says nothing of death of Paul (happened 64‑67); threecompeting inference drawn:
(a) Paul has not yet died, Acts before 67.
(b) Paul dead, but Luke intends 3rd volume to complete Gospel & Acts.
(c) Paul dead, but everyone knows about it, so Luke does not go on tonarrate it.
(3) Acts says nothing of Roman persecution of Xy, which began in thefall of 64, when Nero tried to shift blame for Roman fire from himself; also 3 inferencesdrawn:
(a) Acts written before fall, 64.
(b) Acts later, but Luke intended 3rd volume.
(c) Acts later, to defend Xy as not really subversive.
(4) Summary on date of Acts
(a) Most natural reading of Acts suggests it ends by bringing things upto date, so written 63‑64; explains (1), (2), (3) easily.
(b) The "intended 3rd vol" theory depends on a narrow(Classical) interpretation of Acts 1:1 as "first vol (of 3)" inteadof "former vol (of 2)"; this will not bear any weight, given usage ofword in Hellenistic Greek; there is no other evidence for this view.
(c) Luke and Acts certainly narrate many items every Xn knew about(miracles, crucifixion, resurrection, Pentecost, etc.), so (2c) not worth much;there is no explicit indication Acts written as defense for Roman govt.
b.The Order of the Gospels
(1) Clement (Alex) says earlier tradition has Gospels w/ genealogies(Matt, Luke) written 1st, thus putting Luke earlier than Mark.
(2) Irenaeus does not say what order Luke written, but lists it 3rdafter Matt & Mark.
(3) The Muratorian Canon & Origin put Luke 3rd and are mostnaturally understood as referring to the relative time of writing.
(4) According to Irenaeus, Mark was written after the "exodus"of Peter and Paul (departure from Rome? death?), apparently in the mid 60s.
3. Summary on Date of Luke
Twodivergent possibilities:
a. Accept Clement'stestimony and the historical evidence for the 63‑64 date of Acts, placingLuke in early 60s at latest; perhaps in late 50s while Luke in Palestine andPaul in prison at Caesarea; this seems to give best fit with surviving evidence.
b. Reject Clement'stestimony and have Luke written later, thus necessitating a later date of Acts;this requires some severe treatment of the evidence.
C.THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
1. The Term"Synoptic"
from Greek "viewing together"
refers to fact that Mt,Mk, Lk very similar in selection of events, order and wording when compared toJohn or to the many things Jesus must have done in 3+ years.
thus Mt, Mk, Lk called "synoptic Gospels"
2. The Problem
more detailed discussion in my course NT621 Synoptic Gospels.
how do we account forgreat similarities (and peculiar divergences) between synoptic Gospels?
generally synoptic Gospelshave come to be viewed as dependent on one another rather than on some commonsource, whether that source be God, apostolic preaching, or a written proto‑gospel.
![]()
3. The Standard Solution: the Two‑Document Theory
since late in 19thcentury, the so‑called 2‑doc theory has dominated scholarlycircles, both liberal & conservative, tho it has never gained universal acceptancew/ liberals and has met strong resistance among conservatives.
this model has Matthew& Luke using Mark and Q as sources for the material they have in common:
someproblematic implications of this theory:
á Matthew islater than Mark, against all the early testimony on relative dating.
á Luke islater than Mark, against Clem Alex.
á EitherIrenaeus was wrong about date of Mark or Acts not written 63‑64.
á Matt &Luke have inserted the Q material in quite different places in their narratives.
![]()
4. An Alternative Solution: an Oral TraditionTheory
varieties of this view promoted by Westcott and Alford
in the lastcentury, still held by many conservatives
basic idea: dependence of Mt, Mk, Lk not on each other
nor on otherwritten sources, but on oral apostolic
testimony
5. my own wrinkle:
apparentdependence of Mt & Lk on Mk (used as evid for
2‑doc theory) due to fact that Mk is virtually
transcript of Peter's testimony (= apostolic)
Mt & Lk havesupplemented this testimony with other
eyewitness information and more of Jesus preaching
(see more detailed discussion in my Synoptic
![]()
Gospelssyllabus)
explains why:
Mt & Lk appear to depend on Mk
Mt always 1st written in tradition
accepts:
Irenaeus' testimony re/ date of Mark
historical evidence re/ date of Acts
suggests Qmaterial differently located in
Mat& Lk is preaching of Jesus given
similarlyon different occasions
6. Relevance to Luke'sGospel
oral model accepts late 50s or early 60s date for Luke
Luke did research (andprob writing) when in Palestine 58‑60 while Paul imprisoned in Caesarea.
Luke may have had access to semiticversion of Matthew, tho not necessary; in any case, used own materials gatheredby on‑site interviews with earliest Xn workers who had been with Jesus.
D.REDACTION CRITICISM
1. What is it?
"redaction" = editing; "redactor" = editor
a relatively recentdevelopment in ongoing attempts to reconstruct history of synoptic Gospels
seeks to explain last link in chain from events in ministry of Jesus tocanonical Gospels
compared with literary & form criticism:
Literary criticismdeveloped earliest (19th, early 20th cens), claiming todiscover certain documents used by Gospel writers: Mk & Q used by Mt &Lk, perhaps a proto‑Mk, proto‑Lk; some see M & L used by Mt& Lk, respectively.
Form criticism developednext (between WW 1 and WW 2), claiming it could get behind these documents by studyingwhat happens to oral material when it circulates.
Redaction criticismdeveloped last (since WW 2), seeking to distinguish the activity of the Gospelwriters from that of their sources, so as to identify their emphases anddistinctive theologies.
2. How does it work?
Redaction critics assumethat a particular synoptic theory is correct (nearly always 2‑doc theory)thus Lk is assumed to have used Mk and Q, plus some materials of his own,typically labelled L.
Since we have Mk, anydifferences between Mk and the Mk‑material in Lk is assumed to be theeditorial work of Lk and to reflect his distinctive emphases & theology.
Though we don't have Q, this is reconstructedfrom the material shared by Mt and Lk but lacking in Mk; a judgment is made ineach case whether Mt or Lk preserves the more original form of Q; where Lkdiffers from this, we have Lk's editorial work.
The L material is ofunknown original form, but at least it agreed sufficiently w/ Lk's emphases& theol to be used by him.
An attempt is made tolocate distinctive Lukan vocabulary and style in the Mk borrowings (more cautiously,Q) so as to help in detecting material elsewhere by Luke.
The distinctive emphasesof Luke are worked out, his theology (or that of his circle of churches) is reconstructed,and a distinctive Sitz im Lebenfor the Lukan redaction is proposed.
3. What can we say aboutredaction criticism?
a.A long climb out on a thin limb!
b.Every assumption decreases the likelihood that the final result is correct.
c. Every place whereevidence of earliest Xn writers is dismissed puts the redaction critic on a thinnerlimb.
d. Personally, I thinkthey are wrong at the first step, the selection of 2‑doc theory as basemodel.
e.If Luke didn't use Mk (or Q), the major results of redaction crit are mistaken.
f. To the extent that the method locatesactual differences of Luke from Matt and Mark, we are probably recovering somethingof his distinctive emphases, after allowance made for accidental variation.
E.THE CONTENT OF LUKE
1. Outline (see pages 7ff,below) is based on Wilcock and UBS Greek NT
a. UBS subdivisions(lowest level, called "pericopae") are rather objective and nearlyuniversally recognized; UBS editors have tried to give descriptive rather thaninterpretive titles to these.
b. Wilcock's headings (bold type andnext level lower) are more subjective: at bold‑type level, 1st 2 arestraightforward, 3rd & 4th do reflect relative emphasis on deeds and words,tho both found in each section, 5th title based on term in transfiguration (Lk 9:31, NIV) "departure"; term"Savior" here is a distinct emphasis of Luke
intermediate level headings most subjective; besides chronology, hardestto be sure of Luke's organizing principles at this level.
2. Distinctive Content
a.Birth Narrative
focus on Mary rather than Joseph as in Matt
genealogy runs back to Adam, vs Abraham in Matt
genealogy probably Mary's
b.Parables
many unique to Luke, including one whole type (illustrative or paradigm)
c.Perean Ministry (chs 9‑19)
not mentioned in Mt, Mk, some hints in Jn
3. Distinctive Emphases
will detailthese in chapter summaries
a.Historical placement of events
b.Interest in classes of people:
Gentiles, Samaritans, women, rich/poor, outcasts
c.Emphasis on worship:
Holy Spirit, prayer, praise, joy
d.Emphasis on salvation:
Jesus as savior, compassion, repentance,
humility,redemption, judgment
e.Special interest in ethics
OUTLINE OF LUKE
[acombination of Wilcock's main points and UBS headings]
DEDICATIONTO THEOPHILUS (1:1‑4)
THECOMING OF THE SAVIOR(1:5‑2:52)
His People's Hope (1:5‑80)
Birth of John Foretold (1:5‑25)
Birth of Jesus Foretold (1:26‑38)
Mary Visits Elizabeth (1:39‑45)
Mary's Song of Praise (1:46‑56)
Birth of John the Baptist (1:57‑66)
Prophecy of Zechariah (1:67‑80)
The Child of Good Omen (2:1‑52)
Birth of Jesus (2:1‑7)
Shepherds & Angels (2:8‑21)
Presentation of Jesus in Temple (2:22‑38)
Return to Nazareth (2:39‑40)
Jesus at 12 in Temple (2:41‑52)
THEDEEDS OF THE SAVIOR (3:1‑9:50)
The Son of God (3:1‑4:30)
Preaching of John the Baptist (3:1‑20)
Baptism of Jesus (3:21‑22)
Genealogy of Jesus (3:23‑38)
Temptation in Wilderness (4:1‑13)
Beginning of Galilean Ministry (4:14‑15)
Rejection at Nazareth (4:16‑30)
His Word Was with Authority(4:31‑5:39)
Manwith Unclean Spirit (4:31‑37)
Many People Healed (4:38‑41)
APreaching Tour (4:42‑44)
Calling of First Disciples (5:1‑11)
Cleansing of a Leper (5:12‑16)
Healing of a Paralytic (5:17‑26)
Calling of Levi (5:27‑32)
Question about Fasting (5:33‑39)
Israel Reborn (6:1‑49)
Plucking Grain on Sabbath (6:1‑5)
Manwith Withered Hand (6:6‑11)
Choosing the Twelve (6:12‑16)
Ministering to a Great Multitude (6:17‑19)
Blessings and Woes (6:20‑26)
Love for Enemies (6:27‑36)
Judging Others (6:37‑42)
Tree Known by Its Fruit (6:43‑45)
TwoFoundations (6:46‑49)
Good News (7:1‑8:21)
Healing Centurion's Servant (7:1‑10)
Raising of Widow's Son (7:11‑17)
Messengers from John the Baptist (7:18‑35)
Sinful Woman Forgiven (7:36‑50)
Some Women Accompany Jesus (8:1‑3)
Parable of the Sower (8:4‑8)
Purpose of Parables (8:9‑10)
Parable of Sower Explained (8:11‑15)
Light under a Vessel (8:16‑18)
Mother & Brothers of Jesus (8:19‑21)
Lord of the New Israel(8:22‑56)
Calming of a Storm (8:22‑25)
Gerasene Demoniac (8:26‑39)
Jairus Daughter & Woman with Hemmorage (8:40‑56)
Mission of the New Israel(9:1‑50)
Mission of the Twelve (9:1‑6)
Herod's Anxiety (9:7‑9)
Feeding of the Five Thousand (9:10‑17)
Peter's Declaration about Jesus (9:18‑20)
Jesus Foretells His Death & Resurrection (9:21‑27)
Transfiguration of Jesus (9:28‑36)
Boywith Unclean Spirit Healed (9:37‑43)
Jesus Again Foretells His Death (9:43‑45)
Who is the Greatest? (9:46‑48)
HeWho is Not against You is for You (9:49‑50)
THEWORDS OF THE SAVIOR(9:51‑19:44)
The Way (9:51‑10:42)
Samaritan Village Refuses Jesus (9:51‑56)
Would‑be Followers of Jesus (9:57‑62)
Mission of the Seventy‑two(10:1‑12)
Woes to Unrepentant Cities (10:13‑16)
Return of the Seventy‑two (10:17‑20)
Jesus Rejoices (10:21‑24)
Good Samaritan (10:25‑37)
Visiting Martha and Mary (10:38‑42)
The Gift of the Spirit(11:1‑12:12)
Teaching about Prayer (11:1‑13)
Jesus and Beelzebul (11:14‑23)
Return of the Unclean Spirit (11:24‑26)
True Blessedness (11:27‑28)
Demand for a Sign (11:29‑32)
Light of the Body (11:33‑36)
Denouncing Pharisees & Lawyers (11:37‑54)
Warning against Hypocrisy (12:1‑3)
Whom to Fear (12:4‑7)
Confessing Christ before Men (12:8‑12)
When He Comes (12:13‑13:21)
Parable of the Rich Fool (12:13‑21)
Care and Anxiety (12:22‑34)
Watchful Servants (12:35‑48)
Jesus the Cause of Division (12:49‑53)
Discerning the Time (12:54‑56)
Settling with Your Accuser (12:57‑59)
Repent or Perish (13:1‑5)
Parable of the Barren Fig Tree (13:6‑9)
Healing Crippled Woman on Sabbath (13:10‑17)
Parables of Mustard Seed & Leaven (13:18‑21)
The Narrow Door (13:22‑14:35)
Narrow Door (13:22‑30)
Lament over Jerusalem (13:31‑35)
HealingMan with Dropsy (14:1‑6)
Lessons to Guests and Host (14:7‑14)
Parable of Great Banquet (14:15‑24)
Cost of Discipleship (14:25‑33)
Tasteless Salt (14:34‑35)
Joy in Heaven (15:1‑32)
Parable of Lost Sheep (15:1‑7)
Parable of Lost Coin (15:8‑10)
Parable of Lost Sons (15:11‑32)
The Challenge (16:1‑18:14)
Parable of Dishonest Steward (16:1‑13)
TheLaw & the Kingdom of God (16:14‑18)
Rich Man and Lazarus (16:19‑31)
Some Sayings of Jesus (17:1‑10)
TenLepers Cleansed (17:11‑19)
TheComing of the Kingdom (17:20‑37)
Parable of the Widow & the Judge (18:1‑8)
Parable of the Pharisee & Tax Collector (18:9‑14)
Royal Journey (18:15‑19:44)
Little Children Blessed (18:15‑17)
Rich Ruler (18:18‑30)
Death & Resurrection Foretold 3rd Time (18:31‑34)
Blind Beggar Healed at Jericho (18:35‑43)
Jesus and Zacchaeus (19:1‑10)
Parable of the Ten Pounds (19:11‑27)
TheTriumphal Entry (19:28‑44)
THEGOING FORTH OF THE SAVIOR(19:45‑24:53)
The Temple (19:45‑21:38)
Temple Cleansed (19:45‑48)
Authority of Jesus Questioned (20:1‑8)
Parable of Vineyard Tenants (20:9‑19)
Paying Taxes to Caesar (20:20‑26)
Question about the Resurrection (20:27‑40)
Question about David's Son (20:41‑44)
Scribes Denounced (20:45‑47)
Widow's Offering (21:1‑4)
Temple's Destruction Foretold (21:5‑6)
Signs and Persecutions (21:7‑19)
Destruction of Jerusalem Foretold (21:20‑24)
Coming of Son of Man (21:25‑28)
Lesson from the Budding Fig Tree (21:29‑33)
Exhortation to Watch (21:34‑38)
Satan's Hour (22:1‑23:25)
Plot to Kill Jesus (22:1‑6)
Preparation for Passover (22:7‑13)
Lord's Supper Instituted (22:14‑23)
Dispute about Greatness (22:24‑30)
Peter's Denial Foretold (22:31‑34)
Purse, Bag & Sword (22:35‑38)
Prayeron Mount of Olives (22:39‑46)
Betrayal and Arrest of Jesus (22:47‑53)
Peter's Three Denials (22:54‑62)
Jesus Mocked and Beaten (22:63‑65)
Jesus before the Council (22:66‑71)
Jesus before Pilate (23:1‑5)
Jesus before Herod (23:6‑12)
Jesus Sentenced to Die (23:13‑25)
The Cross (23:25‑56)
Jesus Crucified (23:25‑43)
Jesus Dies (23:44‑49)
Jesus Buried (23:50‑56)
The First Day of the Week(24:1‑53)
TheResurrection of Jesus (24:1‑12)
Walk to Emmaus (24:13‑35)
Jesus' Appearance to the Disciples (24:36‑49)
Jesus' Ascension (24:50‑53)
III. THEDEEDS OF THE SAVIOR (3:1‑9:50)
A. The Son of God (3:1‑4:30)
1.Preaching of John the Baptist (3:1‑20)
Again,Luke sets the stage chronologically
15thyr of Tiberius:
either28/29 if measured from sole reign
or26/27 if measured from coregency
PontiusPilate governor (26-36)
Herod(Antipas) tetrarch (4 BC - 39 AD)
Philiptetrarch (4 BC - 34 AD)
Lysaniastetrarch (? - before 37 AD)
Annashigh priest 6-15 AD, title honorary?
Caiaphashigh priest (18-36)
Wordof God came to John
Fulfillmentof Isa 40:3-5
Sampleof his message (7-14)
Fleewrath to come
Liveconsistently with repentance
Don'tdepend on merits of fathers
Axelaid to root (blow about to be struck)
AnswersQs on how to live:
Sharefood & clothing w/ needy
Taxcollectors to be honest
Solidersnot to extort, but be content
Messagecharacterized as preaching the gospel (18)
IsJohn the Messiah?
(No,)one who comes next far greater
Hewill baptize with fire, thresh the wheat
Johnimprisoned
2.Baptism of Jesus (3:21‑22)
With/afterother people
Heavenopened
Spirit,dove
Voice:My beloved Son
3.Genealogy of Jesus (3:23‑38)
Beginsministry at about 30 yrs of age
Supposedlythe son of Joseph (virgin birth not public knowledge)
Genealogyback thru David, Abraham to Adam, God
Differsfrom Matthew genealogy David to Joseph
Disagreementover reason
Evangelicalssplit whether:
Bothgenealogies are Joseph's (due to levirate marriage), or
Luke'sof Mary, Matthew's of Joseph
Tracesback before Abraham, consistent w/ Luke's audience of Gentiles, Matthew's ofJews
4.Temptation in Wilderness (4:1‑13)
Apparentlyright after baptism
Fortydays temptation, fasting
LukeÕsthree temptations in different order than Matthew
Onewriter uses non-chronological order?
Satanrepeats temptations several times?
(1)Make stones bread
Usepowers for self, to cut short testing
Answer:live by obeying God not by eating
(2)Worship me, get kingdoms
Satangives rule to whom he will
Canavoid his resistance this way
Answer:worship God only
(3)Throw self down
Spectaculardisplay to get recognition?
Steppingout on faith?
Satanquotes Scripture also
Answer:God tests us, not vice versa
Jesususes "Israel in wilderness" verses to answer
Satanleaves, for a while
5.Beginning of Galilean Ministry (4:14‑15)
Comesto Galilee in power of Spirit (miracles? powerful preaching?)
Newsspreads throughout region
Teachesin synagogues
6.Rejection at Nazareth (4:16‑30)
Athometown synagogue, asked to read/preach
Selectionfrom Isa 61:1-2
DoesHe stop in middle of verse?
Todaythis Scripture fulfilled in your presence
Initialresponse seems to be favorable
Butturns nasty when Jesus refuses to work miracles
Andcites examples of Elijah and Elisha
SomehowHe escapes attempt to kill (stone?) him
B. His Word Was withAuthority (4:31‑5:39)
1. Manwith Unclean Spirit (4:31‑37)
Capernaum:shift of base/HQs?
Preachingin synagogue on Sabbath
Wordwas with authority
Challengedby demon
Whydoes he identify Jesus?
Comesout by word of command from Jesus
Crowdamazed, fame spreads
2. ManyPeople Healed (4:38‑41)
Simon'smother-in-law
Othersbrought to him at end of Sabbath
Demonstrying to advertise Jesus as Son of God
3. APreaching Tour (4:42‑44)
Nextday to lonely place to avoid crowds
Crowdswant Jesus to stay
Hemust depart; his mission to proclaim kingdom to other cities also
Unusualuse of "Judea" here
4.Calling of First Disciples (5:1‑11)
UsingPeter's boat as preaching platform to avoid crowding,
perhapsimproved sound-system
Afterspeaking, asks Peter to fish
Peterdoesn't expect anything, but does so from respect
Hugecatch nearly sinks two boats!
Jesus'control over fish of sea
Peter'srepentance, worship
Fromnow on, you will be catching men!
They(P,J,J) leave everything & follow Jesus
5.Cleansing of a Leper (5:12‑16)
Fellowis "full" of leprosy (medical technical term)
SaysJesus is able to cleanse him if willing
Jesusis willing, touches man
Forothers, a touch makes person touching unclean
forJesus, a touch makes person touched clean!
Tellsfellow not to spread news, but to follow Mosaic procedure as testimony
Newsspreads anyway, Jesus must slip away to pray
6. Healing of a Paralytic(5:17‑26)
Teachingin house w/ scribes & Pharisees present
Menlower paralytic through opening in roof tiles
Jesusforgives fellow, causing stir among Pharisees
Whocan forgive (other's) sins but God alone?
Jesus'response: which is easier?
Togive evidence of power, do visible sign
Healsparalytic
Crowdamazed, glorifying God, filled w/ fear
7.Calling of Levi (5:27‑32)
Jesustakes initiative as he passes Levi/Matthew
Levileaves everything to follow Jesus
Givesbig banquet for Jesus, inviting friends to introduce to Jesus?
Pharisees,etc, grumble to disciples
Whydoes he associate with sinners?
Jesusresponds
Whydo doctors assoc w/ sick?
Ihave come to call sinners to repentance
8.Question about Fasting (5:33‑39)
Transitionsuggests this happened at same time as above
Disciplesof John & of Phars often fast & pray, why not yours?
Jesus:this will happen one day, but not appropriate now
Absurdityof tearing piece from new garment to patch old one
Dangerof putting new wine in old skins
Commonpreference for the old
C. Israel Reborn (6:1‑49)
1.Plucking Grain on Sabbath (6:1‑5)
Happenedon (unspecified/second-first) Sabbath
Disciplespicking, rubbing, eating grain
Pharisees:not lawful (several of 39 kinds of work prohibited on Sabbath)
Jesus:example of David and showbread
Notexplained, but not rebuked in OT
Perhapshint of hierarchy in OT laws
Sonof Man is Lord of Sabbath
2. Man withWithered Hand (6:6‑11)
AnotherSabbath controversy
Jesusteaching in synagogue
Manthere with withered (paralyzed?) hand
Phariseeswatching to see if he would heal
Jesusdoes!
Firsthas cripple come forward
Askswhat is lawful on Sabbath
Lessdetail here than in Mark, who notes they won't answer
Phariseesare filled with rage at this
3.Choosing the Twelve (6:12‑16)
Aftera night of prayer on mountain
Twelveapostles listed (app in 3 groups of 4)
Peter,Andrew, James, John
Philip,Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas
JamesA., Simon Z., Judas J., Judas I.
4.Ministering to a Great Multitude (6:17‑19)
Appearsto be Sermon on Mount, though some dispute on this
Seton level place down from mountain top
Audiencelarge number of disciples, plus many from all over
Heheals all brought to him, w/ both disease & demons
5.Blessings and Woes (6:20‑26)
Fourpairs of blessings & woes vs. Matt's 9 blessings, no woes
(differentoccasion? different condensation?)
Contrastbetween now and end of age
6. Lovefor Enemies (6:27‑36)
Setsvery high standard for attitudes, behavior
Goldenrule (31)
Nothingspecial about loving those who love you
7.Judging Others (6:37‑42)
Aswe treat others now we will be treated at judgment
Blindleading blind
Studentnot above teacher
Eye-surgeryby one half-blind
8. TreeKnown by Its Fruit (6:43‑45)
Parableof action as motivated by oneÕs heart
9. TwoFoundations (6:46‑49)
Foolishnessof not acting on Jesus' words
Likebuilding w/o foundation, house destroyed in flood
D. Good News (7:1‑8:21)
1.Healing Centurion's Servant (7:1‑10)
AtCapernaum
Lukeemphasizes intercession for centurion
Centurionsees self as unworthy
Understandingauthority, knows Jesus need not come
Jesusmarvels at centurion's faith: not even in Israel!
Servanthealed at a distance
2.Raising of Widow's Son (7:11‑17)
AtNain, in Jezreel Valley
Largenumbers present
Meetsfuneral procession (only son of widow, weeping)
Jesusstops weeping, breaks up funeral with word to son
Fearand praise to God: "a great prophet!"
3.Messengers from John the Baptist (7:18‑35)
John,in prison, hears of these things
Sendsdisciples to ask if Jesus is Coming One or not
Jesusresponse is to heal, cite OT prophecy, and advise
"Blessedis he who does not stumble over Me"
Jesuson John:
Nota shaken reed
Nota classy dresser
Aprophet, fulfillment of Malachi 3:1
Greatestborn of woman
Butless than least in kingdom
Johnaccepted by common people & sinners
Butrejected by Pharisees & lawyers
Parableof children playing games
4. SinfulWoman Forgiven (7:36‑50)
Jesusat meal w/ Simon a Pharisee
Womanenters w/ perfume
Breaksdown weeping, etc.
Simonthinks he can prove Jesus no prophet
Jesus(a prophet!) teaches lesson via parable:
2debtors forgiven, which loves more?
Simon:one forgiven more
Jesus:you're right! woman has beenforgiven more
5. SomeWomen Accompany Jesus (8:1‑3)
Don'tknow how frequently they did this
Womenwould commonly travel to pilgrim feasts
Thisunusual in being preaching tour, nothing said about whether husbands along
Womenhelped with support of ministry expenses
6.Parable of the Sower (8:4‑8)
Jesustells story of what happens to seeds falling on various types of soil
7.Purpose of Parables (8:9‑10)
Toexplain mysteries of kingdom to disciples, while hiding them from rest
8.Parable of Sower Explained (8:11‑15)
Seed= word of God
Roadsidesoil = those from which Devil takes it away
Rockysoil = no root, fall away in temptation
Thornysoil = choked w/ worries, riches, earthly pleasures, bear no fruit
Goodsoil = good heart, hold fast, bear fruit
9. Lightunder a Vessel (8:16‑18)
Nothinghidden that will not be known
Takeheed to how you listen
10. Mother& Brothers of Jesus (8:19‑21)
Unableto reach Jesus due to crowd, send message
Jesussays his relatives are those who hear word and do it
E. Lord of the New Israel(8:22‑56)
1.Calming of a Storm (8:22‑25)
Vaguechronological indicator
Jesusand disciples crossing Sea of Galilee
Fiercewindstorm puts boat in danger
Jesus,asleep, wakened by cries of disciples
Rebukeswind & waves, they become calm
"Whereis your faith?"
Disciples:"Who is this?"
2. GeraseneDemoniac (8:26‑39)
Comingashore, met by demoniac:
Naked,living in tombs, often shackled
Drivenby demon into wilderness
Demonstry to stay out of abyss
Jesuslets them go into pigs, who stampede into lake
Peoplefrightened when they see demoniac, hear of pigs
Jesusleaves as asked, but former demoniac sent to tell others what God has done
3. JairusDaughter & Woman with Hemmorage (8:40‑56)
Linkedincidents in all three Synoptic Gospels
Onway to heal Jairus' daughter, Jesus heals woman
Casehopeless (not so hard on doctors as in Mark!)
Shetouches Jesus' cloak, He feels power flow out
Sheconfesses
Jesus:"Your faith has saved/healed you"
Jsdaughter now dead, but Jesus encourages him
Tellscrowd of mourners: she is not dead, but asleep
Raisesgirl privately, tells them to feed her
Parentsamazed
F. Mission of the NewIsrael (9:1‑50)
1.Mission of the Twelve (9:1‑6)
Sentout to proclaim Kingdom/gospel
Givenpower over demons & disease
Takenothing for your journey (staff?)
Receivehospitality from single house in each village
Toshake off dust as symbol of seriousness
2.Herod's Anxiety (9:7‑9)
Hearsof Jesus' & apostles' ministry & of rumors that this is John risen fromdead
3.Feeding of the Five Thousand (9:10‑17)
Jesusattempts to get alone with apostles
Crowdfollows, so Jesus teaches & heals them
Atend of day, Jesus tells them to feed crowd
From5 loaves & 2 fish, 5000 men fed w/ 12 baskets of leftovers
cpMoses & manna
cpElisha & loaves (2 K 4:42-43)
4. Peter's Declaration about Jesus(9:18‑20)
Jesusand disciples are alone
Jesusinitiates question re/ who people think He is
John,Elijah, one of the prophets
Jesusasks disciples what they think
Peter:you are the Messiah
5. Jesus Foretells His Death & Resurrection(9:21‑27)
Disciplesnot to tell He is Messiah, since Jesus is to be rejected, killed, resurrected
FollowingJesus means taking up cross daily, death to self, not being ashamed of Jesus
Somestanding here will not taste death until they see kingdom of God
Isthis fulfilled in following incident? In John and PeterÕs visions of the end?
6.Transfiguration of Jesus (9:28‑36)
Abouteight days later (= week?)
Prayingup on mountain with Peter, John, James
Jesus'face & clothing change
Moses& Elijah appear, speak of his coming "exodus"
Petersuggests building tabernacles
Voicefrom cloud: This is My Son, listen to Him!
Thethree don't report this to anyone in those days
7. Boy withUnclean Spirit Healed (9:37‑43)
Onreturn from mt next day
Otherdisciples have been unable to cast out demon
Jesusrebukes "unbelieving & perverted generation"
Jesuscasts out demon in midst of convulsion
Allamazed at greatness of God
8. JesusAgain Foretells His Death (9:43‑45)
Inmidst of this triumph, Jesus reminds disciples of His coming death
Theydon't understand (it is concealed from them), & are afraid to ask
9. Who isthe Greatest? (9:46‑48)
Disciplesarguing over positions in coming kingdom?
Jesususes example of child
Receivehim = receiving Me (cp Matt 25:31-46)
Leastone is greatest
10. He Who isNot against You is for You (9:49‑50)
Disciplesnot to stop those working in Jesus' name
IV. THE WORDSOF THE SAVIOR (9:51‑19:44)
A. The Way (9:51‑10:42)
1.Samaritan Village Refuses Jesus (9:51‑56)
Daysapproaching for His "taking up"
Lukegives reader reminder of JesusÕ approaching death & departure
Villagewon't receive because headed for Jerusalem
James& John: send fire from heaven?
Jesusrebukes J & J
2. Would‑beFollowers of Jesus (9:57‑62)
Variousfollowers with expressed or implied conditions/reservations
3.Mission of the Seventy‑two (10:1‑12)
Similarto mission of 12, perhaps here to Perea or Judea
Harvestin plentiful, need more workers
Blessingof "Peace" and its return
Laborerworthy of wages
Woeto cities that reject message
4. Woesto Unrepentant Cities (10:13‑16)
Theseare apparently cities which have already rejected Jesus
Chorazin,Bethsaida, Capernaum (JesusÕ HQ and two nearby cities)
Apphad seen many of his miracles
Inbad shape for judgment
5. Returnof the Seventy‑two (10:17‑20)
Eventhe demons subject to us in Your name!
Satanfalling from heaven like lightning
Butrejoice rather that your names written in heaven
6. JesusRejoices (10:21‑24)
Astriking passage with a Johannine flavor found in both Luke and Matthew(11:25-27)
Jesusrejoices in HS
PraisesGod for hiding this from wise, revealing to babies
Everythinggiven to Jesus by Father
Noone knows who Son is except Father
Noone knows Father except Son & those to whom Son reveals Father
7. GoodSamaritan (10:25‑37)
Lawyertesting Jesus on requirements for eternal life
Lawyergives Jesus 2 greatest commandments
Lawyerasks "who is my neighbor?"
Jesusreplies with this parable,
w/question: who proved to be neighbor to victim?
w/command: go and do the same
Parable:fellow waylaid on Jericho road, left 1/2 dead
Nohelp from priest or Levite
Samaritanhas compassion, bandages wounds,
Takesto inn, cares for him, provides for healing
8.Visiting Martha and Mary (10:38‑42)
Presumablyat Bethany, so not all of this section overin Perea
Guestsat home of Mary, Martha, [Lazarus]
Maryspends time listening to Jesus' teaching
Marthabusy preparing for guests irked that Mary not helping
Jesus:only one thing necessary, won't rebuke Mary for her better choice
B. The Gift of the Spirit(11:1‑12:12)
1.Teaching about Prayer (11:1‑13)
Disciples,seeing Jesus praying, ask for instruction
Jesusgives "Lord's Prayer"
Occasiondifferent than in Matthew, so no need to harmonize wording of two prayers
Parableof Friend at Midnight (5-9)
Thoughhe won't respond for friendship, he will for persistence
You,too, be persistent in prayer
God,your Father, will not give you bad gifts, but will give you the Holy Spirit
2. Jesusand Beelzebul (11:14‑23)
Jesuscasts out demon, mute fellow can then speak,
Crowdmarvels, opponents ascribe power to Beelzebul
Jesusresponds:
Satancannot afford to divide his forces
Yourexorcists testify against you that this is the finger of God (see Ex 8:19)
Parableof Stronger Man: Jesus stronger than Satan
Hewho is not with me is against me (cp 9:40)
3. Returnof the Unclean Spirit (11:24‑26)
Needstronger power to keep evil out
4. TrueBlessedness (11:27‑28)
Comesfrom spiritual relation not physical
Blessedare those who hear word of God & do it
5. Demandfor a Sign (11:29‑32)
See11:16, above
Jesusresponds:
Nosign but sign of Jonah (not explained in Luke)
Queenof South (Sheba) will condemn this generation
Wisdomgreater than Solomon's here
Menof Nineveh will condemn
Prophetgreater than Jonah here
6. Lightof the Body (11:33‑36)
Youreyes are for seeing, like a lamp for lighting
Don'tmisuse the light you have been given
7.Denouncing Pharisees & Lawyers (11:37‑54)
Havinglunch w/ Pharisee, Jesus does not ceremonially wash
RebukesPharisees for ignoring inward cleansing
Carefultithing replaces real love
Desirefor respect of man covers hidden corruption
Lawyers,too, condemned for making commandments heavy
andnot helping others (or finding exceptions for selves)
Thoughyou build tombs of prophets, would have killed them
Willbring bloodguilt for prophets on this generation
Takeaway key to knowledge, not entering, hindering
Scribes& Pharisees become very hostile
8.Warning against Hypocrisy (12:1‑3)
Bewareof leaven of Pharisees
Nothinghidden that will not be revealed
9. Whomto Fear (12:4‑7)
Nothumans or Satan, who cannot go beyond killing
ButGod, who can cast into hell
Don'tworry that God will forget you
10. ConfessingChrist before Men (12:8‑12)
ConfessHim on earth, He will confess you in heaven
RejectingHS is unpardonable sin
HSalso empowers believers when put on spot
C. When He Comes (12:13‑13:21)
1.Parable of the Rich Fool (12:13‑21)
Inresponse to request that Jesus judge inheritance dispute
Beon your guard against every form of greed
Lifedoes not consist of possessions
Parable:exemplary/paradigm type, unique to Luke
Richman's crops do so well he has no room to store produce
Whatto do? Tear down old barns, buildbigger
Thentake it easy!
Youfool! With death, who gets allthis?
2. Careand Anxiety (12:22‑34)
Don'tbe anxious for food, clothing
Lifeis more than this
Exampleof ravens: fed by God
Can'teven lengthen lifespan a little
Exampleof lilies: clothed by God
Don'tbe like pagans but rather:
SeekGod's kingdom
Storeup treasures in heaven
3.Watchful Servants (12:35‑48)
Beready for second coming/(death?)
Parableof men waiting for master's return
Blessedif ready, even in 2nd or 3rd watch
Masterwill serve them!
Peter:is this parable for us or everyone
Jesus:who is a faithful steward?
Parableof faithful/unfaithful stewards
if faithful/sensible, will be promoted
if unfaithful/wicked, will be punished
Responsibilityproportional to trust
4. Jesusthe Cause of Division (12:49‑53)
Cometo cast fire on earth (second coming?)
Butbaptism first (crucifixion)
Notpeace on earth (yet)
Divisionfrom closest relatives
5.Discerning the Time (12:54‑56)
Recognizestorm coming by clouds in West
Recognizehot weather by wind from South
Whycan't you recognize the times?
Whycan't you judge right and wrong?
6.Settling with Your Accuser (12:57‑59)
Don'twait until you are hauled into court
Settleout of court
7. Repentor Perish (13:1‑5)
Someraise question of Pilate's killing Galileans while in temple sacrificing
Notworse than other Galileans; unless you repent, likewise perish
Jesusraises question of people crushed by tower
Notworse than other Jerusalemites; unless you repent, likewise perish
8.Parable of the Barren Fig Tree (13:6‑9)
Jesus'justification for statements in #7, above
Figtree planted in favorable spot, but produces no fruit
Owner:cut it down!
Gardener:give it one more chance!
Weall deserve destruction;
Ifwe haven't had it yet, this is just God giving us one more chance to repent
9.Healing Crippled Woman on Sabbath (13:10‑17)
Jesusteaching in synagogue
Womanbent over 18 years by spirit
Jesusheals her, she glorifies God
Synagogueruler objects
Jesushumiliates opponents:
Wouldn'tyou lead your animal to water?
10. Parables ofMustard Seed & Leaven (13:18‑21)
Differentoccasion than in Matthew
Twopictures of kingdom of heaven
Mustardseed: grows to tree w/ birds nesting in it
Leaven:grows to leaven whole batch of dough
D. The Narrow Door (13:22‑14:35)
1. NarrowDoor (13:22‑30)
Travellingtoward Jerusalem
Question:many saved?
Answer:[not many]
Dooris narrow
Don'twait till too late
Merecontact with Jesus not enough
BeingJewish ("Christian"?) not enough
Somewho are last will be first
2. Lamentover Jerusalem (13:31‑35)
Warnedby (friendly?) Pharisees that Herod out to get Jesus
IÕmnot going to die away from Jerusalem
JesusÕLament:
OJerusalem! that kills prophets
Desireto gather like chicks
Yourhouse (city) left desolate
3.Healing Man with Dropsy (14:1‑6)
Againeating with Pharisee on Sabbath
Manwith dropsy (too much fluid); a set-up?
Phariseeswon't answer Jesus' question re/ legality of healing on Sabbath
Jesusheals him anyway
Whowouldn't rescue son or ox from well?
4.Lessons to Guests and Host (14:7‑14)
Twoexemplary/paradigm parables
Parableof best seats:
Jesusnotices practice of guests
Parabletakes form of advice:
Don'ttake highest seat, may be put down
Takelowest seat, may be raised up
Everyonewho exalts self willbe humbled
Parableof generous host:
Takesform of advice also
Don'tinvite prestigious, they will repay
Invitepoor/lame/blind, God will repay!
5.Parable of Great Banquet (14:15‑24)
Sameoccasion as #4
Guest:How blessed to banquet in kingdom!
Jesusanswers with parable:
Hostinvites many to banquet
Theyall back out at last minute w/ poor excuses
Hosthas servants fill banquet w/ poor, etc.
Noneof those 1st ones will taste banquet!
6. Costof Discipleship (14:25‑33)
Jesusto large number following him
Thisis going to be expensive! hating own relatives, own life
Needto count the cost
Liketower builder
Likeking facing battle
Must(be ready to) give up everything
7.Tasteless Salt (14:34‑35)
Uncommitted"Xns" like tasteless salt
Goodfor nothing, thrown out
E. Joy in Heaven (15:1‑32)
1.Parable of Lost Sheep (15:1‑7)
Inreponse to grumbling of scribes, Pharisees over Jesus attractingtax-collectors, sinners
Howwould you react if you lost a sheep?
Relativeneglect of 99 to recover the one
Shepherdreturns rejoicing
Wantsfriends to share in rejoicing
Soalso joy in heaven
2.Parable of Lost Coin (15:8‑10)
Perhapsdirected to women in audience
Howreact if coin lost (drachma = day's wage)
Lowerratio of non-lost/lost (9/1)
Again,wants friends to share in rejoicing
Joyin presence of angels when sinner repents
3.Parable of Lost Sons (15:11‑32)
Sametheme as sheep and coin, but more elaborate
Ratioof non-lost to lost is 1/1 (or even 0/2)
Youngerson demands inheritance, leaves home, wastes it all,
faminecomes, no help
Decidesto return to get job from father
Fatherreceives with open arms, reinstates as son, puts on banquet
Elderson won't join festivities (represents scribes & Pharisees)
Fatherreasons with him
Endingof story left open
F. The Challenge(16:1‑18:14)
1. Parable of Dishonest Steward (16:1‑13)
Bosshears report of stewardÕs dishonesty, fires him
Stewardstill must give final accounting
Whatto do now?
Getsidea, so that when removed, they will receive him into their homes
Discountsbills for each debtor
Bosspraises steward for shrewdness
Jesus:
Sinnersoften shrewder than believers
Makefriends via untrustworthy wealth
Befaithful
Noone can serve both God and money
2. TheLaw & the Kingdom of God (16:14‑18)
Phariseeslaugh at Jesus
Godwill have last laugh
Rigorof law & entrance into kingdom
3. RichMan and Lazarus (16:19‑31)
Proban illustration of #2, above & Jesus' remarks at end of #1
Probablyan exemplary/paradigm parable
Thislife:
Richman dresses & eats lavishly
Poorman Lazarus dressed in sores, eats crumbs
Bothdie:
Lazarusto Abraham's bosom
Richman to Hades
Rolereversal:
NowLazarus feasting, rich man begging
Abrcan't send help (rich man is getting what deserved)
Abrcan't send Laz to brothers either
Theirproblem is not lack of evidence
4. SomeSayings of Jesus (17:1‑10)
Don'tbe a stumbling block
Rebukeand forgive
Problemis not lack of faith
Weare unworthy slaves
5. TenLepers Cleansed (17:11‑19)
Still(again?) on way to Jerusalem
BetweenGalilee & Samaria (Jezreel Valley)
Tenlepers healed
Onlyone, a Samaritan, returns to thank Jesus
6. TheComing of the Kingdom (17:20‑37)
Notcoming with signs, already here
Noone will need to tell you when 2nd coming occurs
Firstcomes suffering and rejection
Suddenreturn, like:
Floodof Noah
Destructionof Sodom & Gomorrah
Fleeon that day w/o turning back
Separationon that day
Wherethe body is, there are the vultures
7.Parable of the Widow & the Judge (18:1‑8)
Shouldalways pray and not give up
Widowseeking justice from crooked judge
Shefinally gets it by not giving up
Won'tGod give justice to His elect?
Yes,speedily, but too slow for some
8.Parable of the Pharisee & Tax Collector (18:9‑14)
Forthose who are self-righteous, look down on others
Contrastingprayers of Pharisee & tax-collecter
Pharthanks God for himself!
Tax-collhumble, seeks only mercy
Jesus:tax-collector justified, not Pharisee
Everyonewho exalts self will be humbled
G. Royal Journey (18:15‑19:44)
1. LittleChildren Blessed (18:15‑17)
(Mothers?)bring babies to Jesus
Disciplesrebuke them
Jesus:don't hinder; kingdom of God belongs to such
Whoeverdoes not receive kingdom like child will not enter it
2. Rich Ruler (18:18‑30)
Ruler:What to do to inherit eternal life?
Jesus:Why do you call me good? none good but God
Ruler:I have kept the commandments
Jesus:you lack one thing
Rulergoes away when asked to give up possessions
Jesus:How hard for wealthy to enter kingdom!
Disciples:then who can be saved?
Jesus:God can do what is impossible w/ men
Peter:We have left our homes to follow you!
Jesus:Anyone who sacrifices will be repaid many times in this life,
andwill have eternal life
3. Death & Resurrection Foretold 3rdTime (18:31‑34)
Prophecyto be fulfilled re/ Son of Man at Jerusalem
Deliveredto Gentiles, mocked, mocked, whipped, killed, rise again on 3rd day
Disciplesdon't understand
4. BlindBeggar Healed at Jericho (18:35‑43)
Harmonizationwith Matthew, Mark? (old and new Jericho)
Beggarhears crowd, learns of Jesus, shouts for mercy
Hewon't be silenced by those trying to shut him up
Jesusquestions him, heals him
Hefollows Jesus, glorifying God
5. Jesusand Zacchaeus (19:1‑10)
Probin newer, wealthy part of Jericho
Zacchaeusa wealthy, upper-level tax collector
Wantsto see Jesus, but too short
Climbstree, seen by Jesus, who invites self to stay at Z's home
Zglad, but other grumble
Zgives away 1/2 of possessions, will repay any defrauding
Jesus:today salvation, he too is son of Abraham
6.Parable of the Ten Pounds (19:11‑27)
Toldbecause near Jerusalem, people expecting kingdom right away
(thisparable indicates it wonÕt come right away)
Noblemangoes to distant country to receive kingdom, then return
Givesslaves mina (pound) of silver each to do business with while gone
Citizenshate him, send delegation to stop his appointment as king
Noblemanreturns, gets reports from slaves:
Oneearned 10 minas; praised, put over 10 cities
Another5 minas; put over 5 cities
Anotherhid mina, blames master; condemned by own words, loses mina
Enemies(citizens, above) put to death
7. TheTriumphal Entry (19:28‑44)
ApproachingJerusalem
Jesushas two disciples get donkey colt
Heenters Jerusalem on colt, on road of garments
Crowd:blessed is King who comes in name of Lord
Jesusrefuses to rebuke crowd
Heweeps over Jerusalem for not seeing source of its peace
Predictsits destruction by seige
V. THE GOINGFORTH OF THE SAVIOR (19:45‑24:53)
A. The Temple (19:45‑21:38)
1. TempleCleansed (19:45‑48)
Verybrief in Luke, rather surprising given his emphasis on the temple
Castsout those selling, with quotes from Isa 56:7 and Jer 7:11
Leaderswant to kill him, but too popular
2. Authority ofJesus Questioned (20:1‑8)
Leaderstry to get Jesus to commit himself
Jesusasks them similar question re/ John
Theyafraid to answer his question, so he won't answer theirs
3. Parable ofVineyard Tenants (20:9‑19)
Illustrationof attitude of leaders
Manprepares vineyard, rents to tenants
Whenhe sends slaves to collect rent, they are refused, mistreated
Finallysends beloved son, whom they kill
Ownerwill come, kill them, & give vineyard to others
Jesusquotes Ps 118:22: Òthe stone which the builders rejectedÉÓ
4. Paying Taxesto Caesar (20:20‑26)
Nowopponents try to trap Jesus re/ taxation
Sendspies, to flatter Jesus, ask if paying taxes to Caesar lawful
Jesushas them show him denarius:
(atthis point they have lost the argument; they have the coin!)
Giveback to Caesar what belongs to him (return borrowed property)
and to God what belongs to him (e.g.,donÕt give Caesar divine titles)
5. Questionabout the Resurrection (20:27‑40)
NowSadducees try to make Jesus look foolish
(they deny survival after death)
Theyuse law of levirate marriage w/ 7 brothers to make resurrection seem absurd
Jesus:No married state in resurrection
Abrhamaiccovenant requires resurrection (for Ab, Is, Jac to receive promises)
6. Questionabout David's Son (20:41‑44)
Jesusnow asks scribes a Q,
notto make them look bad
butto get them to think about who Messiah is
Inwhat sense is Messiah David's son, since David calls him "Lord"?
7. ScribesDenounced (20:45‑47)
Muchmore of this preserved in Matthew
Warnsdisciples of hypocrisy of scribes:
Theyseek honor in outward show, but devour widow's houses
8. Widow'sOffering (21:1‑4)
Twosmall copper coins vs. gifts of rich
Sheput in more than all of them
9. Temple'sDestruction Foretold (21:5‑6)
Veryimpressive structure at this time
Jesussays not one stone will be left on another
10. Signs andPersecutions (21:7‑19)
Beginningof "Olivet Discourse" (cp Mt 24-25, Mk 13)
Disciples:when will this happen? signpreceding?
Don'tbe misled, many false Christs
Wars& disturbances first
Earthquakes,plagues, famines, terrors, heavenly signs
Butfirst, persecutionw/ opportunities
Hatedby all, but protected if enduring
11. Destruction ofJerusalem Foretold (21:20‑24)
Precededby armies surrounding
Thenflee, fulfillment of all predicted
Greatdistress, wrath, fall by sword, led captive
Jerusalemtrampled by Gentiles until time fulfilled
12. Coming of Son ofMan (21:25‑28)
PerhapsJesus now resumes sequence interrupted by "but first" above
Heavenlysigns, dismayed nations, troubled seas, fear of what is coming
Sonof Man comes on clouds w/ power & glory
Whenthese things begin to happen, cheer up, your redemption is near
13. Lesson from theBudding Fig Tree (21:29‑33)
Lessonfrom fig tree & all the trees
Asleaves => summer
Sothese signs => kingdom of God near
Thisgeneration (that sees these things?) will not pass off scene until allfulfilled
Thiswill surely happen!
14. Exhortation toWatch (21:34‑38)
Willbe trapped by these events if distracted by dissipation, drunkenness, worries
Prayfor strength to escape these things and to stand before Son of Man
B. Satan's Hour (22:1‑23:25)
1. Plot to KillJesus (22:1‑6)
Leaderswant to kill Jesus, but don't know how to carry it off without starting a riot
Satanenters Judas to betray Jesus so they can arrest him when crowds not around
2. Preparationfor Passover (22:7‑13)
Peterand John sent to prepare passover feast
Giveninstructions for location somewhat like those for getting donkey earlier
(perhapsto guarantee that Judas doesn't know in advance? or to encourage
discipleswith Jesus' foresight?)
3. Lord'sSupper Instituted (22:14‑23)
Jesus'earnest desire fulfilled
Won'teat it again until fulfilled in kingdom of God
Cup:not drink wine until kingdom comes
Bread:my body, given for you
Cup:new covenant in my blood (cp Ex 24:8)
Betrayerat table, will do as predicted, but woe to him
Discipleswonder who it will be
4. Disputeabout Greatness (22:24‑30)
Evenat last supper they don't understand!
Notto be like Gentile rulers, lording it instead show humility of young, servant
Followexample of Jesus
Grantsdisciples place at Jesus' table in kingdom and rule over 12 tribes of Israel
5. Peter'sDenial Foretold (22:31‑34)
Satanto sift Peter like wheat, but Jesus interceded
Peterready to die for Jesus
Butwill deny Jesus three times by morning
6. Purse, Bag& Sword (22:35‑38)
Instructionsof 9:3, 10:4 now cancelled
Jesuswill be counted a criminal (Isa 53:12)
Twoswords are enough
7. Prayer onMount of Olives (22:39‑46)
Disciplesshould pray that they not fail
Jesusprays for removal of cup, but most of all for Father's will
Angelstrengthens, agony, sweat like blood
Disciplesasleep from sorrow
8. Betrayal andArrest of Jesus (22:47‑53)
Crowdarrives with Judas, who tries to kiss Jesus
Disciplestry to use swords, but Jesus stops them, heals slave of high priest
Rebukesleaders for using secrecy, violence
Thishour & power of darkness are yours
9. Peter'sThree Denials (22:54‑62)
Jesustaken to house of high priest
Peterfollows
DeniesJesus 3 times, cock crows, Jesus looks at him
Peterleaves & weeps bitterly
10. Jesus Mocked andBeaten (22:63‑65)
Bythose holding Jesus
Mockingprophetic claims, blaspheming
11. Jesus before theCouncil (22:66‑71)
Thisis apparently formal meeting after earlier hearing
Jesusadmits he is Messiah, Son of Man, Son of God
Councilcondemns him on his own testimony
12. Jesus beforePilate (23:1‑5)
Chargesare distorted to appeal to Roman concerns
Pilaterealizes Jesus' claims are not what opponents make them out to be
(surelyP had own sources of information)
13. Jesus beforeHerod (23:6‑12)
WhenP hears Jesus from Galilee, sends him to Herod
Herodwants to see Jesus do a miracle, but Jesus won't even answer his questions or
chargesof leaders
Herod& soldiers mock him w/ robe, send him back
14. Jesus Sentencedto Die (23:13‑25)
Pilatenotes neither he nor Herod have found any guilt in Jesus,
butoffers to punish & release him
Leadersdemand Barabbas be released, Jesus crucified
Pilateeventually gives in
C. The Cross (23:25‑56)
1. JesusCrucified (23:25‑43)
Simonof Cyrene drafted to carry Jesus' cross
Jesustells women to weep for themselves & children, given what is coming
Twocriminals crucified with him
"Fatherforgive them"
Garmentsdivided, gambled for
Leadersmock him, soldiers also
Inscription:king of the Jews
Onecriminal mocks, other repents
Jesus:today with me in Paradise
2. Jesus Dies(23:44‑49)
Darkfrom 6th to 9th hour
Veilof temple torn in two
Jesuscommits his spirit to Father
Centurionpraises God, recognizes Jesus' innocence
Crowdsleave, mourning
Womenfrom Galilee stay
3. Jesus Buried(23:50‑56)
Josephof Arimathea, member of Sanhedrin, against its action
AsksPilate for body, buries Jesus in his new rock tomb
Womensee burial, return to prepare perfumes, rest on Sabbath
